While countries of the EU are for some time planning and advancing green agendas for their future societal development, the detrimental anthropogenic impact on the environment and specifically climate already carries tangible consequences. Our climate is already notably changing, with approximately 1.1 °C of global average warming compared to the pre-industrial era. Climate change already affects many worldwide weather and climate extremes in every region and manifests in widespread adverse impacts and related losses and damages to nature and people.
Climate action to limit global warming to 1.5 °C is proving challenging and off track from the progress required to meet our 2030 climate targets and protect our well-being and prosperity.2 Global GHG emissions are higher today than in 2015, when most countries adopted the Paris Agreement.
Even when fully implemented, current national climate commitments are estimated to lead to roughly 2.4 °C to 2.8 °C global temperature increase by the end of the century. At the same time, approximately 3.3 to 3.6 billion people live in highly vulnerable contexts to climate change. In such a scenario, climate hazards, exposure to them and vulnerabilities of our communities and systems can correspond to massive risks and adverse impacts on people, economies, and the environment (damages, harms, economic and non-economic losses).
Hence, societies and economies in all regions need to prepare for and adapt to the arising impacts of climate change. Adaptation interventions aim to reduce risks and vulnerability at different levels (sectoral, national, or local), primarily via adjusting or transforming existing systems.